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<title>Moses Isserles</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Moses Isserles</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Moses Isserles is commonly known by the <a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <a href="Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> for <b>R</b>abbi <b>M</b>oses Isserles, "Rema" (<a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl" style="font-style: normal;">רמ״א</span>). He is not to be confused with <a href="Meir_Abulafia" title="Meir Abulafia">Meir Abulafia</a>, known as "Ramah" (Hebrew: <span lang="he" dir="rtl" style="font-style: normal;">רמ״ה</span>), nor with <a href="Menahem_Azariah_da_Fano" title="Menahem Azariah da Fano">Menahem Azariah da Fano</a>, known as "Rema MiPano" (Hebrew: <span lang="he" dir="rtl" style="font-style: normal;">רמ״ע מפאנו</span>).</div>

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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #ADD8E6; color:black;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">Rabbi</div><div class="fn">Moses Isserles<br>(Rema)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait by Meir Kunstadt, early 1900s</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ADD8E6; color:black;">Personal life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">22 February 1530<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="Kingdom_of_Poland_(1385%E2%80%931569)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)">Kingdom of Poland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 May 1572<span style="display:none">(1572-05-10)</span> (aged 42)<br><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Kraków, <a href="Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Polish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="Israel_ben_Josef" title="Israel ben Josef">Israel ben Josef</a> (father)</li><li>Malka (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Rabbi, Talmudist, and <a href="Posek" title="Posek">Posek</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ADD8E6; color:black;">Religious life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data">Kraków, <a href="Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

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<p><b>Moses Isserles</b> (<a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">משה בן ישראל איסרלישׂ</span>; <a href="Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Mojżesz ben Israel Isserles</i>; 22 February 1530 / 25 <a href="Adar_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Adar I">Adar I</a> 5290 – 11 May 1572 / 18 <a href="Iyar" title="Iyar">Iyar</a> 5332),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known by the <a href="Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> <b>Rema</b>, was an eminent <a href="Polish_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Jews">Polish</a> <a href="Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">Ashkenazi</a> <a href="Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a>, <a href="Talmud" title="Talmud">talmudist</a>, and <i><a href="Posek" title="Posek">posek</a></i> (expert in Jewish law). He is considered the "<a href="Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> of Polish Jewry."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2></div>

<p>Isserles was born in <a href="Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. His father, <a href="Israel_ben_Josef" title="Israel ben Josef">Israel ben Josef</a> (known as Isserl), was a prominent <a href="Talmud" title="Talmud">talmudist</a> and independently wealthy,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had probably headed the community; his grandfather, Yehiel Luria, was the first rabbi of <a href="Brest%2C_Belarus" title="Brest, Belarus">Brisk</a>. (In an era which preceded the common use of <a href="Surname" title="Surname">surnames</a>, Moses became known by his <a href="Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a>, Isserles.)

</p><p>At first he studied at home, and then in <a href="Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a> under Rabbi <a href="Shalom_Shachna" title="Shalom Shachna">Shalom Shachna</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Levin-2008_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levin-2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who would later become his father-in-law. Among his fellow pupils were his relative <a href="Solomon_Luria" title="Solomon Luria">Solomon Luria</a> (Maharshal)—later a major disputant of many of Isserles' <a href="Halachic" class="mw-redirect" title="Halachic">halachic</a> rulings,<sup id="cite_ref-mishor15_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mishor15-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Chayyim b. Bezalel, an older brother of the <a href="Maharal" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharal">Maharal</a>. His first wife died young, at the age of 20 and he later established the "<a href="Rema_Synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Rema Synagogue">Rema Synagogue</a>" in Kraków in her memory (originally his house, built by his father in his honor—which he gave to the community). He later married the sister of <a href="Joseph_ben_Mordechai_Gershon" title="Joseph ben Mordechai Gershon">Joseph ben Mordechai Gershon</a> Ha-Kohen.

</p><p>He returned to Kraków in 1549,<sup id="cite_ref-Levin-2008_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levin-2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> establishing a large <i><a href="Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshiva</a></i> where as a wealthy man, he supported his pupils. In his teaching, he was opposed to <a href="Pilpul" title="Pilpul">pilpul</a> and emphasized simple interpretation of the <a href="Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>. In 1553 he was appointed as <a href="Dayan_(rabbinic_judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayan (rabbinic judge)">dayan</a>. He was approached by many other well-known rabbis, including <a href="Yosef_Karo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yosef Karo">Yosef Karo</a>, for Halachic decisions. He was one of the greatest Jewish scholars of <a href="Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, and was the primary <a href="Posek" title="Posek">halakhic authority</a> for <a href="Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">European Jewry</a> of his day. He died in Kraków and was buried next to his synagogue. On his tombstone is inscribed: "From Moses (<a href="Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>) to Moses (Isserles) there was none like <a href="Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>". Until the <a href="Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, thousands of pilgrims visited his grave annually on <a href="Lag_Ba'omer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lag Ba'omer">Lag Ba'omer</a>, his <i><a href="Yahrzeit" title="Yahrzeit">Yahrzeit</a></i> (date of death).

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</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:lavender; font-size:115%;">Rabbinical eras</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;">

<ul><li><a href="Chazal" title="Chazal">Chazal</a>

<ul><li><a href="Zugot" title="Zugot">Zugot</a></li>

<li><a href="Tannaim" title="Tannaim">Tannaim</a></li>

<li><a href="Amoraim" title="Amoraim">Amoraim</a></li>

<li><a href="Savoraim" title="Savoraim">Savoraim</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Geonim" title="Geonim">Geonim</a></li>

<li><a href="Rishonim" title="Rishonim">Rishonim</a></li>

<li><a href="Acharonim" title="Acharonim">Acharonim</a></li></ul></td>

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<p>Not only was Isserles a renowned Talmudic and <a href="Halakha" title="Halakha">legal scholar</a>, but he was also learned in <a href="Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a> and studied <a href="History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, and <a href="Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>. Many had criticized <a href="Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides'</a> heavy use of philosophy, and these criticisms continued into Isserles' day. He, on the other hand, took a moderate approach despite being concerned with philosophy entering into education. He stated that philosophy should be learned only "sporadically", and that religious scripture should always be held in a higher esteem.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1550, he had several correspondences with Rabbi <a href="Solomon_Luria" title="Solomon Luria">Solomon Luria</a>. Isserles represented the pro-philosophy aspect of study, while Luria was more critical.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Isserles taught that "the aim of man is to search for the cause and the meaning of things."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also held that "it is permissible to know and then study secular wisdom, provided that this excludes works of heresy... and that one [first] knows what is permissible and forbidden, and the <a href="Halakha" title="Halakha">rules</a> and the <a href="Mitzva" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitzva">mitzvot</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Maharshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharshal">Maharshal</a> reproached him for having based some of his decisions on <a href="Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>.[reference needed] His reply was that he studied <a href="Greek_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek philosophy">Greek philosophy</a> only from Maimonides' <i><a href="Guide_for_the_Perplexed" class="mw-redirect" title="Guide for the Perplexed">Guide for the Perplexed</a></i>, and then only on <a href="Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a> and <a href="Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Yom Tov</a> - and furthermore, it is better to occupy oneself with philosophy than to err through <a href="Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Despite his suggestions about learning philosophy sparingly, Isserles and his students are considered the "first wave" of philosophical learning within Polish Jewry and is deemed the "Isserles School" by Leonard S. Levin.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Isserles had several children: "Drezil (named after his maternal grandmother), wife of R. Bunem Meisels. A daughter whose name is unknown to us.... A son, R. Yehuda.... A third daughter... who is totally unknown to us."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is buried in the eponymous <a href="Remuh_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Remuh Cemetery">Remuh Cemetery</a> in Kraków.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genealogy">Genealogy</h2></div>

<p>Some legends link Isserles to <a href="King_David" class="mw-redirect" title="King David">King David</a> through <a href="Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many also connect him to later historical figures, such as members of the <a href="Meisel_family" title="Meisel family">Meisel family</a>, Rabbi Yakov Kuli Slonim, son-in-law of the Mittler Rebbe, the composers <a href="Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a> and <a href="Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Giacomo Meyerbeer</a>, the pianist <a href="Julius_Isserlis" title="Julius Isserlis">Julius Isserlis</a>, the cellist <a href="Steven_Isserlis" title="Steven Isserlis">Steven Isserlis</a>, the author Inbali Iserles, the mathematician <a href="Arieh_Iserles" title="Arieh Iserles">Arieh Iserles</a> and the statistician <a href="Leon_Isserlis" title="Leon Isserlis">Leon Isserlis</a>.[citation needed for each name]

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Approach">Approach</h2></div>

<p>Isserles is perhaps best known for his halakhic works, chief among them are his glosses to the <i><a href="Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></i> by <a href="Yosef_Karo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yosef Karo">Yosef Karo</a>. He is noted for his approach to customs (minhagim): "it should be remembered that R. Isserles did not regard the Jewish <a href="Minhag" title="Minhag">minhag</a> lightly. On the contrary, he too expressed reverence and respect for it, and whenever possible endeavored to uphold it and also to explain its origin. Only, unlike many great Talmudic scholars, he refused to follow it blindly. When convinced of the unsound basis of a minhag, he was ready to repudiate it regardless of its acceptance by the people."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Furthermore: "The Talmud is, of course, the great reservoir to which R. Isserles turns as the first step in attempting to solve a problem. The question at hand is immediately referred to an identical or similar case in the Talmud. The second step is the weighing of the opinions of the ראשונים, i.e. <a href="Isaac_Alfasi" title="Isaac Alfasi">Alfasi</a> (רי”ף), <a href="Tosafist" class="mw-redirect" title="Tosafist">Tosafists</a>, <a href="Nachmanides" title="Nachmanides">Nachmanides</a>, etc. expanding and explaining the text. The opinion of the majority is followed by R. Isserles and even Maimonides, whom he respected very highly, is disregarded if he was in the minority. After the Rishonim, R. Isserles proceeds to examine writings of אחרונים, i.e. <a href="The_Mordechai" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mordechai">Mordechai</a>, Ashri and <a href="Arba'ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Tur</a>, and the latter is followed especially when the Tosafists agree with him. At this point, the Responsa of still later authorities are cited extensively in accordance with the well-established principle of הלכה כבתרא, paying due attention even to the opinions of contemporaries and to customs of Polish Jewry which the ב”י omitted. Thus, Isserles, in his responsa as well as in the ד”מ and his commentary on the Shulchan Aruch, served as a supplement and offered his community the code of Law adjusted to its authorities, customs, and needs. He spread the “cloth” over the table prepared by his contemporary, the ב”י."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Isserles, like <a href="Yosef_Karo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yosef Karo">Yosef Karo</a> in the <a href="Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a>, often quotes Kabbalistic sources and opinions in his various works, and writes of his great joy upon finding that his ruling concurred with what he later found written in the "words of the <a href="Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a> which were given at <a href="Biblical_Mount_Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Mount Sinai">Sinai</a>...".<sup id="cite_ref-mishor15_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mishor15-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Writing to a friend who had become a rabbi in Germany, Isserles expressed his preference for living in Poland over Germany: "You would be better off living with us in Poland on stale bread if need be, but safe".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weinryb1973_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weinryb1973-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Isserles was criticized by his contemporaries for studying philosophy, but defended himself by arguing that <a href="Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> had learned from <a href="Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> and <a href="Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a> from <a href="Ahitophel" title="Ahitophel">Ahitophel</a> and <a href="Assaf_ha-Karki" class="mw-redirect" title="Assaf ha-Karki">Assaf ha-Karki</a>, citing <a href="Meir_Aldabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Meir Aldabi">Meir Aldabi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2></div>

<p>Isserles is renowned for his fundamental work of <i><a href="Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></i> (Jewish law), entitled <i>ha-Mapah</i> (lit., "the tablecloth"), an inline commentary on the <i><a href="Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></i> (lit. "the set table"), upon which his "great reputation as a halakist and codifier rests chiefly."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Darkhei_Moshe"><i>Darkhei Moshe</i></h3></div>

<p><i><b><a href="Darkhei_Moshe_(book)" title="Darkhei Moshe (book)">Darkhei Moshe</a></b></i> (דרכי משה) is a commentary on the <i><a href="Arba'ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Tur</a></i> as well as on the <i><a href="Shulkhan_Aruch" class="mw-redirect" title="Shulkhan Aruch">Beth Yosef</a></i>, which is Yosef Karo's commentary on the <i>Tur</i> and the work underlying the <i>Shulkhan Aruch</i>. Isserles had originally intended the <i>Darkhei Moshe</i> to serve as a basis for subsequent <i>halakhic</i> decisions. As such, in this work he evaluates the rulings of the <i>Tur</i>—which was widely accepted among the <a href="Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">Ashkenazim</a> and <a href="Sephardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi">Sephardim</a>—comparing these with rulings of other <a href="Posek" title="Posek"><i>halakhic</i> authorities</a>. The <i>Beth Yosef</i> was published while Isserles was at work on the <i>Darkhei Moshe</i>. Recognizing that Karo's commentary largely met his objectives, Isserles published the <i>Darkhei Moshe</i> in a modified form. "In publishing the דרכי משה, R. Isserles rendered a great service to Ashkenazic Jewry, for he reestablished its Talmudic authorities as the deciding factor in determining a law."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An abridgement of the original work is published with the <i>Tur</i>; the complete version of the <i>Darkhei Moshe</i> is published separately.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HaMapah"><i>HaMapah</i></h3></div>

<p><i><b>HaMapah</b></i> (המפה) is written as a <a href="Gloss_(annotation)" title="Gloss (annotation)">gloss</a> to the <i><a href="Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></i> of <a href="Yosef_Karo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yosef Karo">Yosef Karo</a>, discussing cases where <a href="Sephardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi">Sephardi</a> and <a href="Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">Ashkenazi</a> customs differ. Hamapah is the "tablecloth" for the <i>Shulkhan Aruch</i>, the "set table". Karo had based his <a href="Posek" title="Posek">normative positions</a> on three authorities: <a href="Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>, <a href="Asher_ben_Jehiel" title="Asher ben Jehiel">Asher ben Jehiel</a> (the Rosh), and <a href="Isaac_Alfasi" title="Isaac Alfasi">Isaac Alfasi</a> (the Rif). Of these, only Asher ben Jehiel had non-<a href="Sephardic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardic">Sephardic</a> roots, having lived most of his life in <a href="Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> before moving to <a href="Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, but even so, his work is largely Sephardic in orientation. Isserles thus created a series of glosses, in which he supplemented Karo with material drawn from the laws and customs (<a href="Minhag" title="Minhag"><i>Minhagim</i></a>) of <a href="Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">Ashkenazi</a> Jewry, chiefly based on the works of <a href="Yaakov_Moelin" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaakov Moelin">Yaakov Moelin</a>, <a href="Israel_Isserlein" title="Israel Isserlein">Israel Isserlein</a> and <a href="Israel_Bruna" title="Israel Bruna">Israel Bruna</a>.

</p><p>All editions of the <i>Shulchan Aruch</i> since 1578 include <i>HaMapah</i> embedded in the text (introduced by the word: הגה <i>Hagahah</i>, meaning "gloss"), and distinguished by a semi-cursive "<a href="Rashi#"Rashi_script"" title="Rashi">Rashi script</a>". Isserles' HaMapah was "considered to be an interpretation and supplement to Karo's work, while also challenging its claim to universal authority by introducing Ashkenazic traditions and customs that differed from the Sephardic ones. Rather than challenge the status of the Shulhan ‘Arukh, however, Isserles established the status of the Shulhan ‘Arukh as the authoritative text. In most of the editions since 1574, the Shulhan ‘Arukh was printed with HaMapah, thus creating an interesting tension that was realized on the printed page. It was an act of integrating the Sephardic tradition and its accommodation into the Ashkenazi world, the confirmation of the authority and its undermining appearing on the same page."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The citations "indicating the sources in earlier authorities of the decisions in the annotations to the Shulchan Aruch, were not placed by Isserles. This may be seen from the fact that many times incorrect references are given. An anonymous scholar placed them at the end of each comment and gradually they have been mistaken as being indications of the author himself."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Isserles' weaving "his comments into the main text as glosses, indicates, besides upholding the traditional Ashkenazi attitude to a text, that the work itself, meant to serve as a textbook for laymen, had been accepted in Rema's yeshivah at Krakow as a students' reference book. Instead of the Arba‘ah Turim, the main text for the study of posekim in the Ashkenazi yeshivah up to Rema's day, he chose to use the new book, which was free of accumulated layers of glosses and emendations, up-to-date and lucid, and arranged along the same lines as the old Turim so that it could easily be introduced into the yeshivah curriculum. This was the crucial step in altering the canonical status of the Shulhan Arukh."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Today, the term "<i>Shulchan Aruch</i>" refers to the combined work of Karo and Isserles. This consolidation of the two works strengthened the underlying unity of the <a href="Sephardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi">Sephardi</a> and <a href="Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">Ashkenazi</a> communities. It is through this unification that the <i>Shulkhan Aruch</i> became the universally accepted <a href="Halakha#Codes_of_Jewish_law" title="Halakha">Code of Law</a> for the entire <a href="Jewish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish people">Jewish people</a>, with the notable exception of <a href="Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemenite Jews</a> who still follow the <i>Rambam</i> (<a href="Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torat_Ha-Olah"><i>Torat Ha-Olah</i></h3></div>

<p><i><b>Torat Ha-Olah</b></i> (תורת העלה), written between 1560 and 1570, was a discussion of the deeper meaning of the <a href="Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a> and the temple sacrifices. In addition to discussing the principles of the Jewish faith invoked, Isserles connects the Torah laws and symbols to philosophy, physics, astronomy, and <a href="Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title translates into the "Law of the Burnt-Offering." In addition to citing the <a href="Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> and Talmud, Isserles heavily references the <a href="Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2></div>

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</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Moses Isserles</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">Haim Henschel Isserles</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">Josef Isserles</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">Shaindel Goldman</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;"><a href="Israel_ben_Josef" title="Israel ben Josef">Israel Isserles</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;"><a href="Auerbach_(Jewish_family)" title="Auerbach (Jewish family)">Moses Auerbach</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">Gittel Auerbach</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">Mushkat Isserles</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fcc;">Moses Isserles</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">Nachman Shrentzel</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">Eliezer Lipmann Schrentzel</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">Royzu Eberles</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #fb9;">Dinah Malka Schrentzel</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">Yechiel Yehuda Luria</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #ffc;">Dreizel Miriam Zeisel Luria</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding: 2px 4px 2px 4px;background-color: #bfc;">Malka Lifshitz</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040802234725/http://www.torah.org/advanced/shulchan-aruch/ocarchives.html">Shulchan Aruch Archives - Orach Chayim </a>, Torah.org</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121228110109/http://www.torah.org/advanced/shulchan-aruch/archives.html">Shulchan Aruch Archives - Yoreh De'ah</a>, Torah.org</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teachittome.com/seforim2/seforim/toras_haolah.pdf">Torath ha-Olah fulltext</a> (<a href="Portable_document_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable document format">PDF</a>, <a href="Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_works">Other works</h3></div>

<p>Isserles also wrote:

</p>

<ul><li><i>Torath ha-Chatath</i>, a <a href="Halakha" title="Halakha">legal</a> guidebook focusing primarily on <a href="Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Jewish dietary laws</a></li>

<li><i>Torath ha-Olah</i>, an in-depth philosophical explanation of the significance of the <a href="Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a> and of its <a href="Korban" title="Korban">rites</a></li>

<li><i><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" class="extiw external" title="he:מחיר יין">Mechir Yayin</a></i>, a commentary on the <a href="Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Book of Esther</a></li>

<li><i>Teshuvot Rema</i>, a collection of <a href="Responsa" title="Responsa">responsa</a> – see <a href="History_of_Responsa" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Responsa">History of Responsa: Sixteenth century</a></li>

<li>Aderes Eliyahu, a commentary on zohar, of which remains only on Bereshis, published by his student Eliyahu of Loanz</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elon 1973, pg. 1122; Goldwurm 1989, p. 75</span>

</li>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/moses-ben-israel-isserles">"Moses ben Israel Isserles"</a>. <i>www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mishor 2010, Foreword, p. 15</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Levin-2008-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Levin-2008_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levin-2008_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLevin2008" class="citation book cs1">Levin, Leonard (2008-06-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004164840.i-452"><i>Seeing with Both Eyes: Ephraim Luntshitz and the Polish-Jewish Renaissance</i></a>. BRILL. p. 21. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2Fej.9789004164840.i-452">10.1163/ej.9789004164840.i-452</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-90-04-16484-0</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-mishor15-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mishor15_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mishor15_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mishor 2010, p. 15</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">STERN, E. (2024). PHILOSOPHY AND DISSIMULATION IN ELIJAH OF VILNA’S WRITINGS AND LEGACY. In G. Dynner, S. Heschel, & S. Magid (Eds.), <i>New Paths in Jewish and Religious Studies: Essays in Honor of Professor Elliot R. Wolfson</i> (pp. 377–400). Purdue University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.15684220.27">https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.15684220.27</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Seeing with Both Eyes: Ephraim Luntshitz and the Polish-Jewish Renaissance"; Leonard Levin; pg. 24</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Torath ha-Olah</i> 3:7</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shulkhan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah, 246:4</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Responsa" title="Responsa">Responsa</a> No. 7</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Seeing with Both Eyes: Ephraim Luntshitz and the Polish-Jewish Renaissance"; Leonard Levin; pgs. 2, 20-21</span>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobi Papers, Vol 4, p. 8, B.5</span>

</li>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKraushar1865" class="citation book cs1">Kraushar, Alexandra (1865). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v5JDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA242"><i>Historya żydów w Polsce</i></a> [<i>History of the Jews in Poland</i>]. Warsaw: Druk Gazety Polskiéj. p. 242. <q>Byłoby Ci lepiej życ u nas w Polsce choćby o suchym chlebie ale bezpiecznie." [You would be better off living with us in Poland on stale bread if need be, but safe.]</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Weinryb1973-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weinryb1973_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_Dov_Weinryb1973" class="citation book cs1">Bernard Dov Weinryb (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K2DgBdSCQnsC"><i>The Jews of Poland: A Social and Economic History of the Jewish Community in Poland from 1100 to 1800</i></a>. Jewish Publication Society. p. 166. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8276-0016-4</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFuss1994" class="citation journal cs1">Fuss, Abraham M. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40914819">"The Study of Science and Philosophy Justified by Jewish Tradition"</a>. <i>The Torah U-Madda Journal</i>. <b>5</b>: <span class="nowrap">101–</span>114. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1050-4745">1050-4745</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40914819">40914819</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raz-Krozkin 2006, "From Safed to Venice: The Shulhan ‘Arukh and the Censor", p. 98.</span>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reiner, 1997, p. 97.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Langermann, Y.T. (1991). "The Astronomy of Rabbi Moses Isserles." In: Unguru, S. (eds) <i>Physics, Cosmology and Astronomy, 1300–1700: Tension and Accommodation</i>. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol 126. Springer, Dordrecht. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3342-5_5">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3342-5_5</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Torat_HaOlah?tab=contents">"Torat HaOlah"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite class="citation book cs1">Goldin, Hyman E. (1961). <i><a href="Shlomo_Ganzfried#Kitzur_Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shlomo Ganzfried">Kitzur Shulchan Aruch</a> - Code of Jewish Law</i>. New York: Hebrew Publishing Company.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1">Goldwurm, Hersh (1989). <i>The Early Acharonim</i>. Brooklyn, NY: Mesorah Publications. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-89906-488-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="Menachem_Elon" title="Menachem Elon">Elon, Menachem</a> (1973). <i><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95,_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95,_%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95" class="extiw external" title="he:המשפט העברי - תולדותיו, מקורותיו, עקרונותיו">HaMishpat Ha'Ivri</a></i> (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%22%D7%A9_%D7%99%22%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%A1" class="extiw external" title="he:הוצאת ספרים ע"ש י"ל מאגנס">Magnes</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1">Elon, Menachem (1994). <i>Jewish Law : History, Sources, Principles</i>. Philadelphia: <a href="Jewish_Publication_Society" title="Jewish Publication Society">Jewish Publication Society</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8276-0389-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1">Shulman, Yaacov Dovid (1991). <i>The Rema: The Story of Rabbi Moshe Isserles</i>. CIS Publishers. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-56062-090-7</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1">Mishor (2010). <i>Toras Hachatas</i>. New York: Mishor.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1">Lew, Myer S. (1944). <i>The Jews of Poland: Their Economic, Social and Communal Life in the Sixteenth Century as reflected in the Works of Rabbi Moses Isserls</i>. London: Edward Goldston.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1">Raz-Krozkin, Amnon (2006). Chanita Goodblatt; Howard Kreisel (eds.). <i>Tradition, Heterodoxy and Religious Culture: Judaism and Christianity in the Early Modern Period</i>. Be'er Sheva: Ben Gurion University of the Negev Press.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation journal cs1">Reiner, Elchanan (1997). "The Ashkenazi Élite at the Beginning of the Modern Era: Manuscript versus Printed Book". <i>Polin</i>. <b>10</b>.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation book cs1">Siev, Asher (1943). <i>The Period, Life and Work of Rabbi Moses Isserles</i>. New York: Yeshiva University, PhD. Dissertation.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Moses_Isserles" class="extiw external" title="q:Special:Search/Moses Isserles">Moses Isserles</a></b></i>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=366&letter=I&search=moses%20ben%20israel%20isserles">Isserles, Moses Ben Israel (ReMA)</a>, jewishencyclopedia.com</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Isserles.html">Rabbi Moses ben Israel Isserles</a>, jewishvirtuallibrary.org</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Lublin.html">The Virtual Jewish History Tour: Lublin</a>, jewishvirtuallibrary.org</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040205025656/http://www.yarzheit.com/FRY/02FRY_Iyar.htm">18 Iyar - Reb Moshe Isserles, the ReMA</a>, yarzheit.com</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbs.bh.org.il/luminary/isserles-mosh-rema">Moshe Isserles (REMA)</a>, The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/Tur/TurDarkheiMoshe.html">Darkhei Moshe</a>, Prof. Eliezer Segal</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/ShA.html#Isserles">"Tablecloth"</a>, Prof. Eliezer Segal</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article.asp?AID=111847">The Remo (5280 - 5332)</a>, chabad.org</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021214235710/http://ddickerson.igc.org/rema.html">Rema Synagogue</a></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949189#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2482" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949189#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2482" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000118862694">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/45134090">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/753168596750030450008">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1826480">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkXtTRb7GGJb7mPMFKjmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120508419">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83184372">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb18076390s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb18076390s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an46827735">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Isserles, Moše ben Jisrael"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=zmp20191055372&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p098150073">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810626300505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007263276105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060723417106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1478118">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/120508419.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/120508419">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/078691656">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6tq66gj">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/7e4704f4-5a06-4a57-a7c7-3588002fff54">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px_Jews_and_Judaism_in_Poland_15px945" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;"><div id="15px_Jews_and_Judaism_in_Poland_15px945" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>  <span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Jews and Judaism in Poland</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland" title="History of the Jews in Poland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">By era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland_before_the_18th_century" title="History of the Jews in Poland before the 18th century">Early history</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_18th-century_Poland" title="History of the Jews in 18th-century Poland">18th century</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_19th-century_Poland" title="History of the Jews in 19th-century Poland">19th century</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_20th-century_Poland" title="History of the Jews in 20th-century Poland">20th century</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish-Polish_history_(1989%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish-Polish history (1989–present)">1989–present</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">By city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_Adam%C3%B3w" title="History of the Jews in Adamów">Adamów</a></li>

<li><a href="Bytom_Synagogue#History_of_the_congregation" title="Bytom Synagogue">Bytom (Beuthen)</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="History of the Jews in Białystok">Białystok</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_Gda%C5%84sk" title="History of the Jews in Gdańsk">Gdańsk (Danzig)</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_Kalisz" title="History of the Jews in Kalisz">Kalisz</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_Krak%C3%B3w" title="History of the Jews in Kraków">Kraków</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_%C5%81%C4%99czna" title="History of the Jews in Łęczna">Łęczna</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_%C5%81uk%C3%B3w" title="History of the Jews in Łuków">Łuków</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_Jewish_community_of_Wielu%C5%84" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jewish community of Wieluń">Wieluń</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="List_of_Polish_Jews" title="List of Polish Jews"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">People</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Rabbis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Akiva_Eger" class="mw-redirect" title="Akiva Eger">Akiva Eger</a></li>

<li><a href="Solomon_Eger" title="Solomon Eger">Solomon Eger</a></li>

<li><a href="Maharsha" title="Maharsha">Shmuel Eidels</a> (<i>Maharsha</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Meir_Eisenstadt" title="Meir Eisenstadt">Meir Eisenstadt</a> (<i>Maharam Ash</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Aryeh_Tzvi_Frumer" title="Aryeh Tzvi Frumer">Aryeh Tzvi Frumer</a></li>

<li><a href="Joshua_Falk" title="Joshua Falk">Joshua Falk</a> (<i>Sma</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Aaron_Samuel_Kaidanover" title="Aaron Samuel Kaidanover">Aaron Samuel Kaidanover</a> (<i>Maharshak</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Yitzhak-Meir_Levin" title="Yitzhak-Meir Levin">Yitzhak-Meir Levin</a></li>

<li><a href="Yaakov_Lorberbaum" title="Yaakov Lorberbaum">Yaakov Lorberbaum</a> (<i>Nesivos</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Meir_Lublin" title="Meir Lublin">Meir Lublin</a> (<i>Maharam Lublin</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Shalom_Shachna" title="Shalom Shachna">Shalom Shachna of Lublin</a></li>

<li><a href="Solomon_Luria" title="Solomon Luria">Solomon Luria</a> (<i>Maharashal</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Moses_ben_Isaac_ha-Levi_Minz" title="Moses ben Isaac ha-Levi Minz">Moses ha-Levi Minz</a> (<i>Maharam Minz</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Meir_Dan_Plotzky" title="Meir Dan Plotzky">Meir Dan Plotzky</a></li>

<li><a href="Jacob_Pollak" title="Jacob Pollak">Jacob Pollak</a></li>

<li><a href="Moshe_Rosenstain" title="Moshe Rosenstain">Moshe Rosenstain</a></li>

<li><a href="David_HaLevi_Segal" title="David HaLevi Segal">David HaLevi Segal</a> (<i>Taz</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Joel_Sirkis" title="Joel Sirkis">Joel Sirkis</a> (<i>Bach</i>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Rebbes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chanokh_Heynekh_HaKohen_Levin" title="Chanokh Heynekh HaKohen Levin">Chanokh Heynekh of Aleksander</a></li>

<li><a href="Avraham_Mordechai_Alter" title="Avraham Mordechai Alter">Avraham Mordechai Alter</a> (<i>Imrei Emes</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Yitzchak_Meir_Alter" title="Yitzchak Meir Alter">Yitzchak Meir Alter</a> (<i>Chidushei Harim</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Yehuda_Aryeh_Leib_Alter" class="mw-redirect" title="Yehuda Aryeh Leib Alter">Yehuda Aryeh Leib Alter</a> (<i>Sfas Emes</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Avrohom_Bornsztain" title="Avrohom Bornsztain">Avrohom Bornsztain</a> (<i>Avnei Nezer</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Dovid_Bornsztain" title="Dovid Bornsztain">Dovid Bornsztain</a></li>

<li><a href="Shmuel_Bornsztain_(second_Sochatchover_rebbe)" title="Shmuel Bornsztain (second Sochatchover rebbe)">Shmuel Bornsztain</a> (<i>Shem MiShmuel</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Yaakov_Aryeh_Guterman" title="Yaakov Aryeh Guterman">Yaakov Aryeh Guterman</a> (<i>Saba Kadisha of Radzymin</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Ben_Zion_Halberstam" title="Ben Zion Halberstam">Ben Zion Halberstam</a> (<i>Kedushas Zion</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Menachem_Mendel_of_Kotzk" title="Menachem Mendel of Kotzk">Menachem Mendel of Kotzk</a></li>

<li><a href="Gershon_Henoch_Leiner" title="Gershon Henoch Leiner">Gershon Henoch Leiner</a></li>

<li><a href="Mordechai_Yosef_Leiner" title="Mordechai Yosef Leiner">Mordechai Yosef Leiner</a></li>

<li><a href="Shmuel_Shlomo_Leiner" title="Shmuel Shlomo Leiner">Shmuel Shlomo Leiner</a></li>

<li><a href="Elimelech_of_Lizhensk" title="Elimelech of Lizhensk">Elimelech of Lizhensk</a></li>

<li><a href="Simcha_Bunim_of_Peshischa" title="Simcha Bunim of Peshischa">Simcha Bunim of Peshischa</a></li>

<li><a href="Yaakov_Yitzchak_of_Peshischa" title="Yaakov Yitzchak of Peshischa">Yaakov Yitzchak of Peshischa</a> (<i>Yid HaKadosh</i>)</li>

<li><a href="Meir_Shapiro" title="Meir Shapiro">Meir Shapiro</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Lawyers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Herman_Diamand" title="Herman Diamand">Herman Diamand</a></li>

<li><a href="Herman_Lieberman" title="Herman Lieberman">Herman Lieberman</a></li>

<li><a href="Noach_Pry%C5%82ucki" title="Noach Pryłucki">Noach Pryłucki</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jakub_Berman" title="Jakub Berman">Jakub Berman</a></li>

<li><a href="Jerzy_Borejsza" title="Jerzy Borejsza">Jerzy Borejsza</a></li>

<li><a href="Ludwik_Dorn" title="Ludwik Dorn">Ludwik Dorn</a></li>

<li><a href="Pawe%C5%82_Finder" title="Paweł Finder">Paweł Finder</a></li>

<li><a href="Bronis%C5%82aw_Geremek" title="Bronisław Geremek">Bronisław Geremek</a></li>

<li><a href="Apolinary_Hartglas" title="Apolinary Hartglas">Apolinary Hartglas</a></li>

<li><a href="Maksymilian_Horwitz" title="Maksymilian Horwitz">Maksymilian Horwitz</a></li>

<li><a href="Alfred_Lampe" title="Alfred Lampe">Alfred Lampe</a></li>

<li><a href="J%C3%B3zef_Lewartowski" title="Józef Lewartowski">Józef Lewartowski</a></li>

<li><a href="Hilary_Minc" title="Hilary Minc">Hilary Minc</a></li>

<li><a href="Roza_Pomerantz-Meltzer" title="Roza Pomerantz-Meltzer">Roza Pomerantz</a></li>

<li><a href="Noach_Pry%C5%82ucki" title="Noach Pryłucki">Noach Pryłucki</a></li>

<li><a href="Roman_Romkowski" title="Roman Romkowski">Roman Romkowski</a></li>

<li><a href="Adam_Daniel_Rotfeld" title="Adam Daniel Rotfeld">Adam Daniel Rotfeld</a></li>

<li><a href="Abraham_Silberschein" title="Abraham Silberschein">Abraham Silberschein</a></li>

<li><a href="Stefan_Staszewski" title="Stefan Staszewski">Stefan Staszewski</a></li>

<li><a href="Roman_Zambrowski" title="Roman Zambrowski">Roman Zambrowski</a></li>

<li><a href="Szmul_Zygielbojm" title="Szmul Zygielbojm">Szmul Zygielbojm</a></li>

<li><a href="Jakub_Wygodzki" title="Jakub Wygodzki">Jakub Wygodzki</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Yechiel_Granatstein" title="Yechiel Granatstein">Yechiel Granatstein</a></li>

<li><a href="Shmuel_Yankev_Imber" title="Shmuel Yankev Imber">Shmuel Yankev Imber</a></li>

<li><a href="Julian_Kornhauser" title="Julian Kornhauser">Julian Kornhauser</a></li>

<li><a href="Louis_Meyer_(poet)" title="Louis Meyer (poet)">Louis Meyer</a></li>

<li><a href="Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a></li>

<li><a href="Yosef_Rosenthal" title="Yosef Rosenthal">Yosef Rosenthal</a></li>

<li><a href="Artur_Sandauer" title="Artur Sandauer">Artur Sandauer</a></li>

<li><a href="Julian_Tuwim" title="Julian Tuwim">Julian Tuwim</a></li>

<li><a href="Jerzy_Urban" title="Jerzy Urban">Jerzy Urban</a></li>

<li><a href="Lidia_Zamenhof" title="Lidia Zamenhof">Lidia Zamenhof</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Massacres<br>and Pogroms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alfonse_Pogrom" title="Alfonse Pogrom">Alfonse Pogrom</a> (1905)</li>

<li><a href="Bia%C5%82ystok_pogrom" title="Białystok pogrom">Białystok</a> (1906)</li>

<li><a href="Khmelnytsky_pogroms" title="Khmelnytsky pogroms">Khmelnytsky - <i>Tach VeTat</i></a> (1648)</li>

<li><a href="Cz%C4%99stochowa_pogrom_(1902)" title="Częstochowa pogrom (1902)">Częstochowa</a> (1902)</li>

<li><a href="Kielce_pogrom_(1918)" title="Kielce pogrom (1918)">Kielce</a> (1918)</li>

<li><a href="Naliboki_massacre" title="Naliboki massacre">Naliboki</a> (1943)</li>

<li><a href="Przytyk_pogrom" title="Przytyk pogrom">Przytyk</a> (1936)</li>

<li><a href="Siedlce_pogrom" title="Siedlce pogrom">Siedlce</a> (1906)</li>

<li><a href="Warsaw_pogrom_(1881)" title="Warsaw pogrom (1881)">Warsaw</a> (1881)</li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="The_Holocaust_in_Poland" title="The Holocaust in Poland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">The Holocaust</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="1941_Bia%C5%82ystok_massacres" title="1941 Białystok massacres">Białystok</a></li>

<li><a href="Cz%C4%99stochowa_massacre" title="Częstochowa massacre">Częstochowa</a></li>

<li><a href="Massacre_in_Dyn%C3%B3w" title="Massacre in Dynów">Dynów</a></li>

<li><a href="Easter_Pogrom" title="Easter Pogrom">Easter Pogrom</a></li>

<li><a href="Grossaktion_Warsaw" title="Grossaktion Warsaw"><i>Grossaktion</i> Warsaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Jedwabne_pogrom" title="Jedwabne pogrom">Jedwabne</a></li>

<li><a href="Kielce_cemetery_massacre" title="Kielce cemetery massacre">Kielce Cemetery</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Harvest_Festival" title="Operation Harvest Festival">Operation Harvest Festival</a></li>

<li><a href="Ostr%C3%B3w_Mazowiecka_massacre" title="Ostrów Mazowiecka massacre">Ostrów Mazowiecka</a></li>

<li><a href="Radzi%C5%82%C3%B3w_pogrom" title="Radziłów pogrom">Radziłów</a></li>

<li><a href="Szczuczyn_pogrom" title="Szczuczyn pogrom">Szczuczyn</a></li>

<li><a href="Mass_murders_in_Tykocin" title="Mass murders in Tykocin">Tykocin</a></li>

<li><a href="Valley_of_Death_(Bydgoszcz)" title="Valley of Death (Bydgoszcz)">Valley of Death</a></li>

<li><a href="W%C4%85sosz_pogrom" title="Wąsosz pogrom">Wąsosz</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="Anti-Jewish_violence_in_Poland%2C_1944%E2%80%931946" title="Anti-Jewish violence in Poland, 1944–1946"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Post-World War II</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kielce_pogrom" title="Kielce pogrom">Kielce</a></li>

<li><a href="Krak%C3%B3w_pogrom" title="Kraków pogrom">Kraków</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Central_Committee_of_Polish_Jews" title="Central Committee of Polish Jews">Central Committee of Polish Jews</a></li>

<li><a href="Council_of_Four_Lands" title="Council of Four Lands">Council of Four Lands</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_Community_Centre_of_Krakow" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Community Centre of Krakow">Jewish Community Centre of Krakow</a></li>

<li><a href="Judaica_Foundation_%E2%80%93_Center_For_Jewish_Culture" title="Judaica Foundation – Center For Jewish Culture">Judaica Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Union_of_Jewish_Religious_Communities_in_Poland" title="Union of Jewish Religious Communities in Poland">Union of Jewish Religious Communities</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaad_Rosh_Hashochtim_of_Poland_and_Lithuania" title="Vaad Rosh Hashochtim of Poland and Lithuania">Vaad Rosh Hashochtim</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Yeshivas8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Yeshivas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chachmei_Lublin_Yeshiva" title="Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva">Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva</a></li>

<li><a href="Lomza_Yeshiva" title="Lomza Yeshiva">Lomza Yeshiva</a></li>

<li><a href="Novardok_Yeshiva" title="Novardok Yeshiva">Novardok Yeshiva</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jewish_Cemetery%2C_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Jewish Cemetery, Białystok">Białystok</a></li>

<li><a href="Br%C3%B3dno_Jewish_Cemetery" title="Bródno Jewish Cemetery">Bródno</a></li>

<li><a href="Che%C5%82m-Gda%C5%84sk_Cemetery" title="Chełm-Gdańsk Cemetery">Chełm-Gdańsk</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_Cemetery%2C_Chrzan%C3%B3w" title="Jewish Cemetery, Chrzanów">Chrzanów</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Jewish_Cemetery%2C_Cieszyn" title="Old Jewish Cemetery, Cieszyn">Cieszyn</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_Cemetery%2C_Kielce" title="Jewish Cemetery, Kielce">Kielce</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Jewish_Cemetery%2C_Krak%C3%B3w" title="New Jewish Cemetery, Kraków">Krakow</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Jewish_Cemetery%2C_Lublin" title="Old Jewish Cemetery, Lublin">Lublin</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Jewish_Cemetery_in_Obrzycko" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jewish Cemetery in Obrzycko">Obrzycko</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_Cemetery%2C_Warsaw" title="Jewish Cemetery, Warsaw">Okopowa Street, Warsaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_cemeteries_in_Ostr%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Jewish cemeteries in Ostrów Wielkopolski">Ostrów</a></li>

<li><a href="O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim_Jewish_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Oświęcim Jewish Cemetery">Oświęcim</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_Cemetery%2C_Tarnobrzeg" title="Jewish Cemetery, Tarnobrzeg">Tarnobrzeg</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_cemeteries_of_Warsaw" title="Jewish cemeteries of Warsaw">Warsaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_Cemetery%2C_Wi%C5%9Blica" title="Jewish Cemetery, Wiślica">Wiślica</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Jewish_Cemetery%2C_Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Old Jewish Cemetery, Wrocław">Wrocław</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_Cemetery%2C_Wrzeszcz" title="Jewish Cemetery, Wrzeszcz">Wrzeszcz</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Arbeiter_Fragen" title="Arbeiter Fragen">Arbeiter Fragen</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Arbeiterstimme" title="Arbeiterstimme">Arbeiterstimme</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Che%C5%82mer_Sztyme" title="Chełmer Sztyme">Chełmer Sztyme</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Der_arbeyter" title="Der arbeyter">Der Arbeyter</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Der_Beobachter_an_der_Weichsel" title="Der Beobachter an der Weichsel">Der Beobachter an der Weichsel</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Folks-Sztyme" title="Folks-Sztyme">Folks-Sztyme</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Folkstsaytung" title="Folkstsaytung">Folkstsaytung</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Folkswort" title="Folkswort">Folkswort</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Forojs" title="Forojs">Forojs</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="G%C5%82os_Bundu_(1946)" title="Głos Bundu (1946)">Głos Bundu</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Ha-Tsfira" title="Ha-Tsfira">Ha-Tsfira</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Haynt" title="Haynt">Haynt</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="In_Kampf" title="In Kampf">In Kampf</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Kaliszer_Woch" title="Kaliszer Woch">Kaliszer Woch</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Lubliner_Sztyme" title="Lubliner Sztyme">Lubliner Sztyme</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Lodzer_Naje_Folkscajtung" title="Lodzer Naje Folkscajtung">Lodzer Naje Folkscajtung</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Lodzer_veker" title="Lodzer veker">Lodzer Veker</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Midrasz" title="Midrasz">Midrasz</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Jewish_Word" title="The Jewish Word">The Jewish Word</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="W%C5%82oc%C5%82awker_Sztyme" title="Włocławker Sztyme">Włocławker Sztyme</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Wloclawker_Weker" title="Wloclawker Weker">Wloclawker Weker</a></i></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Category</span>  .  <a href="List_of_active_synagogues_in_Poland" title="List of active synagogues in Poland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">List of active synagogues</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Moses_Isserles&oldid=1304431036">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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